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xpow.cc
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1996-10-12
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/*
Copyright (C) 1996 John W. Eaton
This file is part of Octave.
Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
later version.
Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with Octave; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
*/
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif
#include <cassert>
#include <climits>
#include "CColVector.h"
#include "CDiagMatrix.h"
#include "CMatrix.h"
#include "EIG.h"
#include "dDiagMatrix.h"
#include "dMatrix.h"
#include "oct-cmplx.h"
#include "error.h"
#include "ov.h"
#include "utils.h"
#include "xpow.h"
static inline int
xisint (double x)
{
return (D_NINT (x) == x
&& ((x >= 0 && x < INT_MAX)
|| (x <= 0 && x > INT_MIN)));
}
// Safer pow functions.
//
// op2 \ op1: s m cs cm
// +-- +---+---+----+----+
// scalar | | 1 | 5 | 7 | 11 |
// +---+---+----+----+
// matrix | 2 | * | 8 | * |
// +---+---+----+----+
// complex_scalar | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 |
// +---+---+----+----+
// complex_matrix | 4 | * | 10 | * |
// +---+---+----+----+
// -*- 1 -*-
octave_value
xpow (double a, double b)
{
if (a < 0.0 && (int) b != b)
{
Complex atmp (a);
return pow (atmp, b);
}
else
return pow (a, b);
}
// -*- 2 -*-
octave_value
xpow (double a, const Matrix& b)
{
octave_value retval;
int nr = b.rows ();
int nc = b.cols ();
if (nr == 0 || nc == 0 || nr != nc)
error ("for x^A, A must be square");
else
{
EIG b_eig (b);
ComplexColumnVector lambda (b_eig.eigenvalues ());
ComplexMatrix Q (b_eig.eigenvectors ());
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
{
Complex elt = lambda (i);
if (imag (elt) == 0.0)
lambda (i) = pow (a, real (elt));
else
lambda (i) = pow (a, elt);
}
ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
retval = ComplexMatrix (Q * D * Q.inverse ());
}
return retval;
}
// -*- 3 -*-
octave_value
xpow (double a, const Complex& b)
{
Complex result;
Complex atmp (a);
result = pow (atmp, b);
return result;
}
// -*- 4 -*-
octave_value
xpow (double a, const ComplexMatrix& b)
{
octave_value retval;
int nr = b.rows ();
int nc = b.cols ();
if (nr == 0 || nc == 0 || nr != nc)
error ("for x^A, A must be square");
else
{
EIG b_eig (b);
ComplexColumnVector lambda (b_eig.eigenvalues ());
ComplexMatrix Q (b_eig.eigenvectors ());
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
{
Complex elt = lambda (i);
if (imag (elt) == 0.0)
lambda (i) = pow (a, real (elt));
else
lambda (i) = pow (a, elt);
}
ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
retval = ComplexMatrix (Q * D * Q.inverse ());
}
return retval;
}
// -*- 5 -*-
octave_value
xpow (const Matrix& a, double b)
{
octave_value retval;
int nr = a.rows ();
int nc = a.cols ();
if (nr == 0 || nc == 0 || nr != nc)
error ("for A^b, A must be square");
else
{
if ((int) b == b)
{
int btmp = (int) b;
if (btmp == 0)
{
retval = DiagMatrix (nr, nr, 1.0);
}
else
{
// Too much copying?
// XXX FIXME XXX -- we shouldn't do this if the exponent is
// large...
Matrix atmp;
if (btmp < 0)
{
btmp = -btmp;
int info;
double rcond = 0.0;
atmp = a.inverse (info, rcond, 1);
if (info == -1)
warning ("inverse: matrix singular to machine\
precision, rcond = %g", rcond);
}
else
atmp = a;
Matrix result (atmp);
for (int i = 1; i < btmp; i++)
result = result * atmp;
retval = result;
}
}
else
{
EIG a_eig (a);
ComplexColumnVector lambda (a_eig.eigenvalues ());
ComplexMatrix Q (a_eig.eigenvectors ());
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
lambda (i) = pow (lambda (i), b);
ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
retval = ComplexMatrix (Q * D * Q.inverse ());
}
}
return retval;
}
// -*- 6 -*-
octave_value
xpow (const Matrix& a, const Complex& b)
{
octave_value retval;
int nr = a.rows ();
int nc = a.cols ();
if (nr == 0 || nc == 0 || nr != nc)
error ("for A^b, A must be square");
else
{
EIG a_eig (a);
ComplexColumnVector lambda (a_eig.eigenvalues ());
ComplexMatrix Q (a_eig.eigenvectors ());
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
lambda (i) = pow (lambda (i), b);
ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
retval = ComplexMatrix (Q * D * Q.inverse ());
}
return retval;
}
// -*- 7 -*-
octave_value
xpow (const Complex& a, double b)
{
Complex result;
if (xisint (b))
result = pow (a, (int) b);
else
result = pow (a, b);
return result;
}
// -*- 8 -*-
octave_value
xpow (const Complex& a, const Matrix& b)
{
octave_value retval;
int nr = b.rows ();
int nc = b.cols ();
if (nr == 0 || nc == 0 || nr != nc)
error ("for x^A, A must be square");
else
{
EIG b_eig (b);
ComplexColumnVector lambda (b_eig.eigenvalues ());
ComplexMatrix Q (b_eig.eigenvectors ());
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
{
Complex elt = lambda (i);
if (imag (elt) == 0.0)
lambda (i) = pow (a, real (elt));
else
lambda (i) = pow (a, elt);
}
ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
retval = ComplexMatrix (Q * D * Q.inverse ());
}
return retval;
}
// -*- 9 -*-
octave_value
xpow (const Complex& a, const Complex& b)
{
Complex result;
result = pow (a, b);
return result;
}
// -*- 10 -*-
octave_value
xpow (const Complex& a, const ComplexMatrix& b)
{
octave_value retval;
int nr = b.rows ();
int nc = b.cols ();
if (nr == 0 || nc == 0 || nr != nc)
error ("for x^A, A must be square");
else
{
EIG b_eig (b);
ComplexColumnVector lambda (b_eig.eigenvalues ());
ComplexMatrix Q (b_eig.eigenvectors ());
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
{
Complex elt = lambda (i);
if (imag (elt) == 0.0)
lambda (i) = pow (a, real (elt));
else
lambda (i) = pow (a, elt);
}
ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
retval = ComplexMatrix (Q * D * Q.inverse ());
}
return retval;
}
// -*- 11 -*-
octave_value
xpow (const ComplexMatrix& a, double b)
{
octave_value retval;
int nr = a.rows ();
int nc = a.cols ();
if (nr == 0 || nc == 0 || nr != nc)
error ("for A^b, A must be square");
else
{
if ((int) b == b)
{
int btmp = (int) b;
if (btmp == 0)
{
retval = DiagMatrix (nr, nr, 1.0);
}
else
{
// Too much copying?
// XXX FIXME XXX -- we shouldn't do this if the exponent is
// large...
ComplexMatrix atmp;
if (btmp < 0)
{
btmp = -btmp;
int info;
double rcond = 0.0;
atmp = a.inverse (info, rcond, 1);
if (info == -1)
warning ("inverse: matrix singular to machine\
precision, rcond = %g", rcond);
}
else
atmp = a;
ComplexMatrix result (atmp);
for (int i = 1; i < btmp; i++)
result = result * atmp;
retval = result;
}
}
else
{
EIG a_eig (a);
ComplexColumnVector lambda (a_eig.eigenvalues ());
ComplexMatrix Q (a_eig.eigenvectors ());
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
lambda (i) = pow (lambda (i), b);
ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
retval = ComplexMatrix (Q * D * Q.inverse ());
}
}
return retval;
}
// -*- 12 -*-
octave_value
xpow (const ComplexMatrix& a, const Complex& b)
{
octave_value retval;
int nr = a.rows ();
int nc = a.cols ();
if (nr == 0 || nc == 0 || nr != nc)
error ("for A^b, A must be square");
else
{
EIG a_eig (a);
ComplexColumnVector lambda (a_eig.eigenvalues ());
ComplexMatrix Q (a_eig.eigenvectors ());
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
lambda (i) = pow (lambda (i), b);
ComplexDiagMatrix D (lambda);
retval = ComplexMatrix (Q * D * Q.inverse ());
}
return retval;
}
// Safer pow functions that work elementwise for matrices.
//
// op2 \ op1: s m cs cm
// +-- +---+---+----+----+
// scalar | | * | 3 | * | 9 |
// +---+---+----+----+
// matrix | 1 | 4 | 7 | 10 |
// +---+---+----+----+
// complex_scalar | * | 5 | * | 11 |
// +---+---+----+----+
// complex_matrix | 2 | 6 | 8 | 12 |
// +---+---+----+----+
//
// * -> not needed.
// -*- 1 -*-
octave_value
elem_xpow (double a, const Matrix& b)
{
octave_value retval;
int nr = b.rows ();
int nc = b.cols ();
// For now, assume the worst.
if (a < 0.0)
{
Complex atmp (a);
ComplexMatrix result (nr, nc);
for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
result (i, j) = pow (atmp, b (i, j));
retval = result;
}
else
{
Matrix result (nr, nc);
for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
result (i, j) = pow (a, b (i, j));
retval = result;
}
return retval;
}
// -*- 2 -*-
octave_value
elem_xpow (double a, const ComplexMatrix& b)
{
int nr = b.rows ();
int nc = b.cols ();
ComplexMatrix result (nr, nc);
for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
result (i, j) = pow (a, b (i, j));
return result;
}
// -*- 3 -*-
octave_value
elem_xpow (const Matrix& a, double b)
{
octave_value retval;
int nr = a.rows ();
int nc = a.cols ();
if ((int) b != b && a.any_element_is_negative ())
{
ComplexMatrix result (nr, nc);
for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
{
Complex atmp (a (i, j));
result (i, j) = pow (atmp, b);
}
retval = result;
}
else
{
Matrix result (nr, nc);
for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), b);
retval = result;
}
return retval;
}
// -*- 4 -*-
octave_value
elem_xpow (const Matrix& a, const Matrix& b)
{
octave_value retval;
int nr = a.rows ();
int nc = a.cols ();
int b_nr = b.rows ();
int b_nc = b.cols ();
if (nr != b_nr || nc != b_nc)
{
gripe_nonconformant ("operator .^", nr, nc, b_nr, b_nc);
return octave_value ();
}
int convert_to_complex = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
{
double atmp = a (i, j);
double btmp = b (i, j);
if (atmp < 0.0 && (int) btmp != btmp)
{
convert_to_complex = 1;
goto done;
}
}
done:
if (convert_to_complex)
{
ComplexMatrix complex_result (nr, nc);
for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
{
Complex atmp (a (i, j));
Complex btmp (b (i, j));
complex_result (i, j) = pow (atmp, btmp);
}
retval = complex_result;
}
else
{
Matrix result (nr, nc);
for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), b (i, j));
retval = result;
}
return retval;
}
// -*- 5 -*-
octave_value
elem_xpow (const Matrix& a, const Complex& b)
{
int nr = a.rows ();
int nc = a.cols ();
ComplexMatrix result (nr, nc);
for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), b);
return result;
}
// -*- 6 -*-
octave_value
elem_xpow (const Matrix& a, const ComplexMatrix& b)
{
int nr = a.rows ();
int nc = a.cols ();
int b_nr = b.rows ();
int b_nc = b.cols ();
if (nr != b_nr || nc != b_nc)
{
gripe_nonconformant ("operator .^", nr, nc, b_nr, b_nc);
return octave_value ();
}
ComplexMatrix result (nr, nc);
for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), b (i, j));
return result;
}
// -*- 7 -*-
octave_value
elem_xpow (const Complex& a, const Matrix& b)
{
int nr = b.rows ();
int nc = b.cols ();
ComplexMatrix result (nr, nc);
for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
{
double btmp = b (i, j);
if (xisint (btmp))
result (i, j) = pow (a, (int) btmp);
else
result (i, j) = pow (a, btmp);
}
return result;
}
// -*- 8 -*-
octave_value
elem_xpow (const Complex& a, const ComplexMatrix& b)
{
int nr = b.rows ();
int nc = b.cols ();
ComplexMatrix result (nr, nc);
for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
result (i, j) = pow (a, b (i, j));
return result;
}
// -*- 9 -*-
octave_value
elem_xpow (const ComplexMatrix& a, double b)
{
int nr = a.rows ();
int nc = a.cols ();
ComplexMatrix result (nr, nc);
if (xisint (b))
{
for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), (int) b);
}
else
{
for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), b);
}
return result;
}
// -*- 10 -*-
octave_value
elem_xpow (const ComplexMatrix& a, const Matrix& b)
{
int nr = a.rows ();
int nc = a.cols ();
int b_nr = b.rows ();
int b_nc = b.cols ();
if (nr != b_nr || nc != b_nc)
{
gripe_nonconformant ("operator .^", nr, nc, b_nr, b_nc);
return octave_value ();
}
ComplexMatrix result (nr, nc);
for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
{
double btmp = b (i, j);
if (xisint (btmp))
result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), (int) btmp);
else
result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), btmp);
}
return result;
}
// -*- 11 -*-
octave_value
elem_xpow (const ComplexMatrix& a, const Complex& b)
{
int nr = a.rows ();
int nc = a.cols ();
ComplexMatrix result (nr, nc);
for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), b);
return result;
}
// -*- 12 -*-
octave_value
elem_xpow (const ComplexMatrix& a, const ComplexMatrix& b)
{
int nr = a.rows ();
int nc = a.cols ();
int b_nr = b.rows ();
int b_nc = b.cols ();
if (nr != b_nr || nc != b_nc)
{
gripe_nonconformant ("operator .^", nr, nc, b_nr, b_nc);
return octave_value ();
}
ComplexMatrix result (nr, nc);
for (int j = 0; j < nc; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
result (i, j) = pow (a (i, j), b (i, j));
return result;
}
/*
;;; Local Variables: ***
;;; mode: C++ ***
;;; End: ***
*/